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Do not connect extended sockets with other extend power sockets
Each power outlet of extend socket can handle the current of appliance but not enough to handle enormous current to supply many appliances at the same time. The improper use can lead to overloading, followed by overheating and eventually result in a fire.
Installed circuit breaker
To prevent overcurrent which might lead to fire incident, circuit breaker should be installed and regularly maintenance to cut the electricity both automatically and manually in case of accident.
Use electrical equipment with a standard approved
A manufacturing standard is established to control the quality of the product going to the market. Using equipment with a standard approved can ensure the quality of the product, including the material of goods. Moreover, products that have been tested, for example, fire resistance or overcurrent cutoff, can lower the risk of fire spreading and damaging other properties.
Prevention of short circuit on electric fan
Dust from the surroundings can accumulate in the motor, dragging the fan blades and causing heat since the motor needs to work harder against friction. Scheduling the cleaning period can regularly remove dust and reduce the risk of short circuits. The heat from the motor is also the cause of wire deterioration, resulting the short circuit. Thus, a fan should not be used over the limitation of the electrical socket’s power. Additionally, avoid using a single fan to prevent heat accumulation from continuous use.
The table below shows the number of landfalls of cyclones in the Bay of Bengal with a strength of CS or above by country from 2014 to 2023. On average, near 3 cyclones occur in the Bay of Bengal per year. Cyclones tend to move from east to west or from south to north, and they frequently land or approach India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. In the past 10 years, there have been 2 landfalls along the coast of Myanmar, in 2017, 2023.
According to the long-term statistical data (119 years up to 2005) of DMH, cyclones in Myanmar mainly make landfall in April-May and October-December, which are before/after the rainy season. In the Bay of Bengal, about 10 cyclones including depression-level tropical cyclones occur annually, and the frequency of cyclone occurrence increases mainly from May to December. However, cyclones with strong intensity never made landfall in the Bay of Bengal from June to September after the start of the rainy season.
Cyclone damage in Myanmar is characterized by storm and heavy rain, as well as frequent storm surge damage. The most severe cyclone in the past was Cyclone Nargis in May 2008, which caused severe storm surge damage. Cyclone Nargis occurred in the central part of the Bay of Bengal on April 27, 2008. It initially headed toward India, but then suddenly changed its course to the east. Cyclone Nargis made landfall in the Ayeyarwaddy River Delta in Myanmar on May 2, and disappeared near the border between Myanmar and Thailand the next day. The coastal area where Nargis made landfall and the Ayeyarwaddy River Delta are topographic conditions that cover a wide area of low-lying land with a small difference in elevation from sea level. Conditions such as the cyclone’s wind direction, air pressure, and path influenced the occurrence of storm surge damage. This resulted in serious storm surge damage, the worst ever recorded from a cyclone in Myanmar. There are records that the storm surge water level is 3-4 m in the main basin of the Yangon River, and the maximum is over 7 m. In recent years, major cyclones that caused severe damage in Myanmar occurred in 1968 (over 1,000 deaths) and 1975 (over 300 deaths). However, the number of deaths caused by Nargis is an unprecedented over 80,000.
According to statistics from DMH, the Sagaing Region in northern Myanmar has experienced about half of all floods in the past in Myanmar. The Yangon and Mandalay Regions have also had a relatively high number of flood events. Additionally, flood has been reported in Kachin, Bago, Mon, Kayin, and Rakhine States.
The figure below is a hazard map created through a joint project by UN agencies. In the vicinity of Yangon, the low-lying delta area along the lower stream of Ayeyarwaddy River is particularly vulnerable to flood and storm surge. While most flooding in the area is caused by river overflow, severe damage was inflicted by storm surge during Cyclone Nargis in 2008. In the Yangon Region, almost all areas except for inside of Yangon city and northern parts of Yangon are exposed to flood hazards. Specifically, many areas along the Yangon River and near its mouth of the river have experienced frequent flood events in the past.
The above situation suggests that the La Nina may develop during 2024 rainy season, resulting in a heavier rainfall than usual. And, according to DMH’s latest forecast in 28 June for the mid monsoon period (July-August), rain or thundershower will be expected above normal in Lower Sagaing, Mandalay, Magway Regions and (Southern and Eastern) Shan State and about normal in others region including Yangon.
It is important for companies to aware the latest status of flood risks and countermeasures in normal phase, and to confirm and strengthen responses before/after floods by reviewing plans and conducting drills.
Please refer to the following page for examples of responses by phase normal and before/after flood and cyclone, and examples of risk checklist.
Figure 1: Rainfall situation (Source : Thai Meteorological Department)
Comparing to September last year (2022), the accumulate rainfall amount of this year is substantially lower, especially in the Northern and Central areas as shown in the figures above. The rainfall amount in 2022 (until 18 September) is in the range between 600 to 3000 mm, while it is only 200 to 3000 mm in 2023 (until 18 September). If comparing to the normal rainfall value, the accumulated rainfall amount of this year is -200 mm on average. * Normal value is the average rainfall amount within the period of 30 years (1981-2010)
Figure 2 : Forecast in October (Source : Thai Meteorological Department)
Table 1 : ONI index (Source : NOAA)
IEAT (Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand) has predicted that this year’s El Nino situation would not be severe. FTI (The Federation of Thai Industries) stated that the private sector is closely monitoring the water situation and proposed the government to be prepared for a long-haul drought situation that might last for 2-3 years. If the drought situation was not appropriately managed, the occupancies that would be affected are food and beverages, paper, petrochemical, textile, metals, power plant, and electronics. During the 2015 drought, many factories took measures such as reusing wastewater and purchasing industrial water from private companies. Important thing for companies is to watch the weather. We recommend that you listen to the water level of the location where you want to water intake the industrial water to the industrial park. It is also important to know the support measures of the government and industrial relations institutions do.
Figure 3 : Storage level Sirikit Dam (52%, 18 September) (Source : National Hydroinformatics Data Center)
Figure 4 : Storage level Bhumibil Dam (45%, 18 September) (Source : National Hydroinformatics Data Center)
The storage level of on Bhumibil Dam seems to be turning to an increasing trend. Likewise, Sirikit Dam is also in an increasing trend (from 38 to 52 percent comparing to last month). The storage levels in both dams are still higher than 2015.
Figure 5 : Storage level Pasak Dam (10%, 18 September) (Source : National Hydroinformatics Data Center)
Figure 6 : Storage level Kwaenoi Dam (33%, 18 September) (Source : National Hydroinformatics Data Center)
The storage level in Pasak Dam has overturned from a decreasing trend to an increasing trend due to the rainfall, however; it is still in a critical level which is insufficient to nourish the agricultural activities. Similarly, the storage level in Kwae Noi Dam is also in an increasing trend.
Figure 7: Water Situation in the Chao Phraya River, 18 September 2023 (Source: Smart Water Operation Center : SWOC)
Figure 8: Water Situation in the Chao Phraya River, 18 September 2023 (Source: Smart Water Operation Center : SWOC)
Comparing to 2022, the total rainfall from January 1st until February 28th of this year is significantly lower especially in the upper country. The total rainfall in the upper country is in the range of 50 to 200 mm, whereas in this year, the total rainfall in the upper country is mostly in the range of 5 to 50 mm.
Storage level Bhumibol Dam (75%, 28 Feb)
Current Sirikit dam storage levels is slightly lower than in the same period of 2011 when the great flood occurred. On the other hand, the storage level of Bhumibol Dam is substantially higher than both 2011 and 2022. Both dams are in the decreasing trends.
Storage level Kwaenoi Dam (60%, 28 Feb)
Both Pasak Dam and Kwaenoi Dam are relatively in the same trend as the storage levels are lower than 2022 but higher than 2011. Both dams are also in the deceasing trend.
Water Situation in the Chao Phraya River 28th February 2023
Water Situation in the Chao Phraya River 28th February 2023
Note: Normal value is the average rainfall amount within the period of 30 years (1981-2010)
For the precipitation forecast in July, most of total rainfall will be approximate to the normal value. Except, the total rainfall of northern region and northeast region will be approximately 10 percent lower the normal value.
Caution in July, there will be tropical storms usually formed in the western region of North Pacific Ocean, and moving thru the Philippines into the South China Sea. Thus, the southwest monsoon that has covered the Andaman sea and the country will strengthen, as a result, rain will be increased, especially in southwest region and eastern region coasts.
Note: Normal value is the average rainfall amount within the period of 30 years (1981-2010)
Storage level Sirikit Dam (37%) 4 July 2022
Storage level Bhumibol Dam (42%) 4 July 2022
The storage level of Sirikit Dam until July 4th is slightly higher than last year although the storage level at the beginning of the year is low. For Bhumibol Dam, the storage level is relatively higher than last year. Despite a higher rainfall, both dams are in decreasing trend which are totally different from 2011.
Storage level Pasak Dam (19%) 4 July 2022
Storage level Kwaenoi Dam (29%) 4 July 2022
The storage levels of both Kwaenoi Dam and Pasak Dam comparing to the beginning of the year are substantially lower. However, the storage levels are slightly higher than the last year.
The Upper Chao Phraya River Flow
The river levels in Ping, Wang, Yom and Nan are close to the beginning of June. The river level of the Chao Phraya River above the Chao Phraya Dam is considerably lower than the bank. Thus, there is no critical situation regarding flood event.
Water Situation in the Chao Phraya River
4th July 2022
Note: – Numbers in bracket indicate the flow rate of water in m3/sec.
– Numbers with underline indicate higher (+) or lower (-) of water level than the river bank in meters.
– Water levels U/S and D/S are in meters.
The Lower Chao Phraya River Flow
The river levels in Lower Chao Phraya are close to the beginning of June. The river level is clearly lower than the river bank. There is no notable situation.
Water Situation in the Chao Phraya River
4th July 2022
Note: – Numbers in black indicate the flow rate of water in m3/sec.
– Numbers in bracket the flow rate of water in m3/day.
– Numbers with underline indicate higher (+) or lower (-) of water level than the river bank in meters.
References
Importance of seat belt and helmet
In case of an accident without wearing a helmet, the centrifugal force will cause the head to hit the ground or solid object, causing the injury. There is a possibility of bleeding from the head wound. Even though there is no wound, severe concussion can cause brain contusion, hemorrhage in the head or other brain regions, damage to the nerve or vascular system, paralysis, and brain tumor.
Advantages of fastening a seat belt and wearing a helmet
The seat belt keeps a body in the seat. It is designed to work with the airbag system during a car crash. Airbags are designed to help support the head and chest from the front, along with the seat belt locking the body to the seat. If the passengers do not fasten the seat belt, the cooperation with airbag system will be ineffective. Fastening a seat belt can reduce the risk of accident fatalities by 40% for the front seat passengers and 70% for the back seat passengers.
A helmet–wearing helps reduce the impact of an accident on the head. Due to the inner lining of the helmet can absorb the shock, the wearing of the full-face helmet which covers the entire face can
mostly reduce the impact on the head from the accident. According to the published study of the statistical analysis about crashing, motorcycle helmets reduce the risk of head injuries by 50-70%. Moreover, helmet-wearing is effective in preventing death by an estimated 43% (for riders) and 58% (for passengers).
Fastening a seat belt and wearing a helmet with the right type and right method will help reduce severe injuries and deaths.
For pregnant women, a safety belt should be fastened across the cleavage and dropped to the side to avoid belting directly on the abdomen. Using pillows or pads on the lower abdomen to reduce the friction and pressure that may harm the unborn child. Adjusting the seat about 10 inches from the steering wheel will reduce injuries from seat belt jerks in the case of an accident.
Children under 140 cm in height or less than 30 kg in weight should not be fastened to a seat belt due to the improper position. A car seat should be provided by attaching to the back seat of the car and straps to tighten the body of the child. There are several types of car seat provided for newborns to 12-year-old children that should be selected and installed appropriately for safety.
Wearing a helmet
What to know when choosing a helmet is that helmet meets safety standards. TISI Certification is the regular standard in Thailand. For wearing safely, the helmet retention system called the chinstrap should be secured below your chin to keep the helmet on your head while riding. If an accident causes the helmet to break, the helmet should be replaced immediately and not be used again. The helmet’s lifetime is 3 years, thus it should be replaced according to its lifetime. The general types of helmets are as follows;
However, the website of the Royal Gazette published the Road Traffic Act (No. 13) B.E. 2022 dated May 7, 2022, which will come into effect in the next four months or on September 5, 2022, said as follows;
“Children under 6, or with 135 cm or less in height, must be placed in a booster seat or a child safety seat (car seat), and all passengers must fasten seat belts at all times, or face a fine of up to 2,000 baht on conviction.”
For the precipitation forecast in June, the total rainfall of upper country will be approximate to the normal value while the total rainfall of southern region will be approximately 10 percent lower the normal value.
Caution in June, there will be tropical storms usually formed in the western region of North Pacific Ocean, and moved thru the Philippines into the South China Sea. Thus, the southwest monsoon that has covered the Andaman sea and the country will be stronger, as a result, rain will be increased, especially southwest region and eastern region coasts.
Note: Normal value is the average rainfall amount within the period of 30 years (1981-2010)
Storage level Sirikit Dam (39%) 29 May 2022
Storage level Bhumibol Dam (45%) 29 May 2022
The storage level of Sirikit Dam until May 29th is slightly higher than last year although the storage level at the beginning of the year is low. For Bhumibol Dam, the storage level is increasing as a consequence of higher rainfall in the northern region and is in the different trend comparing to last year.
Storage level Pasak Dam (30%) 29 May 2022
Storage level Kwaenoi Dam (38%) 29 May 2022
The storage levels of both Kwaenoi Dam and Pasak Dam comparing to the beginning of the year are substantially lower. However, the storage levels are slightly higher than the last year.
The Upper Chao Phraya River Flow
The river level in Yom river is higher from the beginning of May, especially the river level at Phichit province. For, the river levels in Ping, Wang, and Nan river are not significantly changed from the beginning of May. The river level of the Chao Phraya River above the Chao Phraya Dam is also lower than the bank. Thus, there is no critical situation regarding flood event.
Water Situation in the Chao Phraya River
29th May 2022
Note: – Numbers in bracket indicate the flow rate of water in m3/sec.
– Numbers with underline indicate higher (+) or lower (-) of water level than the river bank in meters.
– Water levels U/S and D/S are in meters.
The Lower Chao Phraya River Flow
There is no significant change of river levels in the Lower Chao Phraya. The river level is clearly lower than the river bank. There is no notable situation.
Water Situation in the Chao Phraya River
29th May 2022
Note: – Numbers in black indicate the flow rate of water in m3/sec.
– Numbers in bracket the flow rate of water in m3/day.
– Numbers with underline indicate higher (+) or lower (-) of water level than the river bank in meters.
Cybercrime is a crime that involves a computer and a network to further illegal ends, such as committing fraud, stealing identities, or violating privacy. Computer viruses are one of the cybercrimes; probably the first kind of crime you became aware of. Viruses infect computer systems, destroying files, messing with the overall functionality, and self-replicating to other devices and systems. Viruses are a form of malware, which encompasses all kinds of malicious software, any code or programs written and distributed to damage, steal data, and make money for the virus’s owner. This includes ransomware, which can lock up your files until you pay a ransom to decrypt them.
Cybercrime is a problem nowadays because technology is advancing every day. However, security measures to protect this technology and the users of the technology are not advancing as quickly. This allows for cybercrime to occur more often.
Cybersecurity Ventures, the world’s leading researcher expects global cybercrime costs to grow by 15 percent per year over the next five years, reaching $10.5 trillion annually by 2025, up from $3 trillion in 2015. This represents the greatest transfer of economic wealth in history, which is exponentially larger than the damage inflicted from natural disasters in a year.
So, what are the cybercrime situation in Thailand? Let’s find out the interesting information in this newsletter. In Thailand, the cybercrime incidents are divided into 9 categories as follows;
Table.1 Categories of cybercrime in Thailand
The trend of historical statistics of cybercrime incidents in Thailand since 2018 is decreased but the number of incidents is still high. The average losses of cybercrime in 2021 rise up to 144%, or $2.2 million. or approximately 72.6 million Thai Baht. The most affected industries were legal services, construction, wholesale and retail, healthcare, and industrial estates. Thailand is in 6th ranked in the Asia-Pacific countries and Japan is mostly affected by ransomware.
According to the survey questionnaire of cyber companies in many countries, it was found that the users in Thailand were attacked by cybercrimes around 21% in 2021 which is lower than the global average of 29%.
In the last 4 years, the numbers of cybercrimes are 2,250 cases (in 2018), 2,470 cases (in 2019), 2,250 cases
(in 2020), and 2,069 cases (in 2021) which have no significant changes. However, the incident type of intrusions was decreased while malicious code and other threats (such as information gathering) were increased. The situation of cybercrimes in Thailand in the last 4 years is shown as the following diagram.
Figure.1 Number of cyber attacks in Thailand ( 2018 – 2021 )
Examples of big cybercrimes in Thailand are shown in the below table.Table.2 Examples of major cybercrimes in Thailand
If the insurance on cyber security has been covered on your company already, the insurance company will contact cybercrime specialists and immediately troubleshoot to recover as soon as possible. If the emergency communication with contracted IT companies has been proceeded, problems will be solved faster as well. In addition, there are insurance companies that provide training services such as phishing email training which can increase the efficiency of cybercrime response. The example of training is shown in the below figure.
Figure.2 Example of Targeted email attack training
The cyber risks such as the enormous financial burden caused by ransomware damage are increasing and more complicated every year. Besides direct damage from cybercrimes, the number of consequential damages and minor incidents is also increasing. Such situations do not affect only your company, it also affects business partners, customers, and shareholders. In some cases, it may affect the market and society as well. Therefore, please be informed that the situation can be resolved with urgency and advanced technical response even in a limited resource condition if insurance services are utilized effectively. The benefits of using insurance services are as follows:
According to the monthly weather forecast from the Thai Meteorological Department, the weather will be turbulent in the upper country in the first half of the month by the weather will be intermittently stuffy and rainy in some areas. Afterwards, the quantity and dispersion of rainfall will increase to be approximately 40-60 percent of the area, especially in the eastern region. For southern region, rain will increase and the wave height will be 2-3 meters in the west side and 1 meter in The Gulf of Thailand. These are the consequence of the transition from the southeast monsoon that has covered the country to the southwest monsoon that will cover the southern Thailand. In addition, there will be monsoon trough that will periodically lay along the northern region. This year rainy season is expected to arrive in the middle of May. The government has revealed the protection measures for the coming rainy season as follows:
The storage level of Sirikit Dam until May 8th is almost the same level as the last two years although the storage level at the beginning of the year is lower. For Bhumibol Dam, the storage level is relatively higher than the two previous years.
The storage levels of both Kwaenoi Dam and Pasak Dam are slightly higher than the two previous years although the water budgets are substantially higher.
The Upper Chao Phraya River Flow
The river levels are low in the Ping, Wang, Yom and Nan. For example, the river level is up to 9 meters lower than the river bank at Nakhonsawan province. The river level of the Chao Phraya River above the Chao Phraya Dam is also significantly lower than the bank. Thus, there is no critical situations regarding flood event.Water Situation in the Chao Phraya River
8th May 2022
Note: – Numbers in bracket indicate the flow rate of water in m3/sec.
⠀⠀⠀⠀ – Numbers with underline indicate higher (+) or lower (-) of water level than the river bank in meters.
⠀⠀⠀⠀ – Water levels U/S and D/S are in meters.
Water Situation in the Chao Phraya River
8th May 2022
Note: – Numbers in black indicate the flow rate of water in m3/sec.
⠀⠀⠀⠀ – Numbers in bracket the flow rate of water in m3/day.
⠀⠀⠀⠀ – Numbers with underline indicate higher (+) or lower (-) of water level than the river bank in meters.
